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Documentation Index

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Vorto is a modal editor: every key you press is interpreted differently depending on which mode is active. Rather than holding modifier keys to issue commands, you switch between dedicated modes for navigating, inserting text, and selecting regions. The current mode is always shown in the status bar at the bottom of the screen.

The five modes

Normal

Normal is the default mode you land in when you open a file. In Normal mode every key is a command — you navigate, delete, yank, and transform text without typing characters into the buffer. Return to Normal from any other mode by pressing Esc. The status bar shows NORMAL when this mode is active.

Insert

Insert mode lets you type text directly into the buffer. Characters you press are inserted at the cursor position. Press Esc to return to Normal mode and stop inserting. The status bar shows INSERT when this mode is active. You can enter Insert mode from Normal mode in several ways:
KeyEntry point
iInsert before the cursor
aAppend after the cursor
IInsert at the first non-blank character of the line
AAppend at the end of the line
oOpen a new line below and enter Insert
OOpen a new line above and enter Insert
sDelete the character under the cursor and enter Insert
SClear the current line and enter Insert
c{motion}Delete over a motion and enter Insert
CDelete from the cursor to end of line and enter Insert

Visual

Visual mode lets you select a contiguous region of characters. The selection anchors at the cursor position where you entered the mode and extends as you move. Operators like d (delete) and y (yank) then act on the selected region. The status bar shows VISUAL when this mode is active. Press v in Normal mode to enter Visual mode. Press Esc to return to Normal.

Visual Line (V-LINE)

Visual Line mode selects whole lines at a time. The selection always covers complete lines from the anchor to the cursor, regardless of the cursor column. This is useful for yanking, deleting, or indenting entire lines. The status bar shows V-LINE when this mode is active. Press V (uppercase) in Normal mode to enter Visual Line mode. Press Esc to return to Normal.

Visual Block (V-BLOCK)

Visual Block mode selects a rectangular column of characters across multiple lines. This is useful for inserting or deleting a column of text in structured data or aligned code. The status bar shows V-BLOCK when this mode is active. Press Ctrl-V in Normal mode to enter Visual Block mode. Press Esc to return to Normal.

Returning to Normal mode

Press Esc from any mode to return to Normal. This is the universal escape hatch — if you are ever unsure which mode you are in, press Esc and the status bar will confirm NORMAL.

Mode summary

ModeStatus barEnter from NormalPurpose
NormalNORMALEsc (from any mode)Navigate and issue commands
InsertINSERTi, a, I, A, o, O, s, S, cType text into the buffer
VisualVISUALvSelect a character region
Visual LineV-LINEVSelect whole lines
Visual BlockV-BLOCKCtrl-VSelect a rectangular column